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1.
Arch. pediatr. Urug ; 91(supl.2): 34-42, dic. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1142242

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Introducción: la sífilis es una enfermedad de transmisión sexual, evitable y curable que se transmite al feto. Aunque el tratamiento materno es de fácil realización y bajo costo, Uruguay persiste con dificultades en el control y eliminación de la sífilis congénita (SC). Objetivos: describir la incidencia de casos de SC en el departamento de Paysandú, durante el período comprendido entre el 1/1/2015 y el 31/7/2019. Describir características epidemiológicas y clínicas de las embarazadas y sus recién nacidos (RN) con diagnóstico de SC. Metodología: estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo. Los datos se obtuvieron de auditorías, historias clínicas de internación y policlínicas. Se definió caso de SC según la Organización Panamericana de la Salud y se utilizaron los cuatro escenarios de SC propuestos por el Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Resultados: se registraron 30 RN con SC o probabilidad de SC. Veintisiete del subsector público y tres del privado. Casi la mitad fue producto de embarazos mal o no controlados. El 37% de las madres eran consumidoras de drogas, incluso en el embarazo, y en 73% se desconocía o no se había realizado estudio o tratamiento a la pareja sexual. Conclusiones: la mayor incidencia de SC se observa en el subsector público. La mayoría de los casos están relacionados a embarazos de captación tardía, mal controlados o sin controles, y a madres consumidoras de sustancias psicoactivas. El tratamiento de los contactos es un problema sin resolver. Para alcanzar el objetivo sanitario, debemos hacer hincapié en la planificación, control y seguimiento del embarazo, así como en el diagnóstico precoz y en el tratamiento oportuno de esta infección.


Summary: Introduction: syphilis is a preventable and curable sexually transmitted disease, transmitted to the fetus. Although maternal treatment is easy to perform and has a low cost, Uruguay still has difficulties to control and eliminate congenital syphilis (CS). Objectives: describe the incidence of CS in Paysandú Department between 01/01/2015 and 07/31/2019. Describe epidemiological and clinical characteristics of pregnant women and their NB diagnosed with CS. Metodology: descriptive and retrospective study. The data were obtained from audits, hospitalization and clinical medical records. The CS case was defined according to the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and the 4 CS scenarios were described by the Centers of Design Control and Prevention (CDC). Results: there were 30 cases of CS and/or probability of CS in newborns. 27 were assisted in the Public Sector and 3 to the Private one. Almost half of them were the result of lately controlled or uncontrolled pregnancies. 37% of the mothers were illegal drug users, even during pregnancy, and in 73% cases no testing and/or treatment had been performed on their sexual partners. Conclusions: the highest prevalence of CS is observed in the public subsector. Most cases were the result of lately or poorly controlled or uncontrolled pregnancies, and came from mothers who had consumed psychoactive substances. The treatment of contacts is still an unresolved problem in the public subsector. To achieve the health objective, we must emphasize the planning, control and monitoring of pregnancies, as well as the early diagnosis and timely treatment of this infection.


Resumo: Introdução: a sífilis é uma doença sexualmente transmissível, evitável e curável, que é transmitida ao feto. Embora o tratamento materno seja fácil de realizar e de baixo custo, o Uruguai ainda tem dificuldades em controlar e eliminar a sífilis congênita (SC). Objetivos: descrever a incidência de SC no departamento de Paysandú entre 01/01/2015 e 31/07/2019. Descrever características epidemiológicas e clínicas de gestantes e seus recém-nascidos diagnosticados com SC. Metodologia: estudo descritivo e retrospectivo. Os dados foram obtidos em auditorias, internações e prontuários clínicos. O caso de SC foi definido de acordo com a Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde (OPAS) e os quatro cenários de SC descritos pelos Centros de Controle e Prevenção de Projeto (CDC). Resultados: houve 30 casos de SC e/ou probabilidade de SC em recém-nascidos. 27 foram atendidos no setor público e 3 no privado. Quase metade deles foram o resultado de gravidezes tardiamente controladas ou não controladas. 37% das mães eram usuárias de drogas ilegais, mesmo durante a gravidez e em 73% dos casos nenhum teste e/ou tratamento foi realizado nos seus parceiros sexuais. Conclusões: a maior prevalência de SC é observada no subsetor público. A maioria dos casos foi resultado de gravidez mal controlada, controlada tardiamente ou não controlada e veio de mães que consumiram substâncias psicoativas. O tratamento dos contatos ainda é um problema não resolvido no setor público. Para atingir o objetivo de saúde, devemos enfatizar o planejamento, controle e monitoramento das gestações, assim como o diagnóstico precoce e o tratamento oportuno dessa infecção.

2.
Rev. invest. clín ; 71(5): 297-305, Sep.-Oct. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1289699

ABSTRACT

Participants of Pharma-sponsored research are exposed to risks, benefits, and uncertainties that do not occur in other forms of clinical studies. Ethics committees represent the subjects’ first line of protection. This responsibility begins with the study review and ends after all study subjects finish the intervention. The objective of this paper is to review the most common controversial issues found in Pharma-sponsored studies. Potential solutions are proposed to prevent or resolve the polemical aspects. However, different challenges will be faced in the near future (e.g., when new therapies reach their late stage of development). All parties involved in research should work together to guarantee the protection of participants, the paramount principle on which clinical investigation is based. Pharma-sponsored research is a crucial driver to develop and implement innovative approaches to improve the informed consent process and the execution of the studies.


Subject(s)
Humans , Clinical Trials as Topic/methods , Ethics Committees, Research/organization & administration , Drug Industry/economics , Research Support as Topic/economics , Clinical Trials as Topic/economics , Clinical Trials as Topic/ethics , Informed Consent
3.
Rev. invest. clín ; 71(4): 217-225, Jul.-Aug. 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1289690

ABSTRACT

Abstract Vulnerability in research occurs when the participant is incapable of protecting his or her interests and therefore, has an increased probability of being intentionally or unintentionally harmed. This manuscript aims to discuss the conditions that make a group vulnerable and the tools and requirements that can be used to reduce the ethical breaches when including them in research protocols. The vulnerability can be due either to an inability to understand and give informed consent or to unequal power relationships that hinder basic rights. Excluding subjects from research for the only reason of belonging to a vulnerable group is unethical and will bias the results of the investigation. To consider a subject or group as vulnerable depends on the context, and the investigator should evaluate each case individually.


Subject(s)
Humans , Biomedical Research/ethics , Ethics, Research , Research Subjects , Vulnerable Populations , Research Personnel/organization & administration , Research Personnel/ethics , Bias , Biomedical Research/organization & administration , Informed Consent/ethics
4.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 116(6): 757-761, dic. 2018. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-973692

ABSTRACT

La presencia de hipercalcemia mantenida obliga a realizar pruebas complementarias para determinar su origen. Es benigna y, generalmente, no requiere tratamiento. La secuenciación del gen CaSR confirma el diagnóstico y evita tratamientos innecesarios. Se presenta a un niño de 12 años, asintomático, con hipercalcemia persistente entre 11,4 y 12,2 mg/dl. El padre y dos hermanos tenían hipercalcemia asintomática. El análisis de laboratorio mostró valores de magnesio, fósforo y vitamina D normales y de hormona paratiroidea llamativamente normal para el valor de la hipercalcemia. Indice de calcio/creatinina urinario: 0,11 mg/mg; y calciuria de 24 h: 1,8 mg/kg/día. Ecografía abdominal, paratiroides, radiografías de huesos largos y densitometría ósea, normales. El estudio genético mostró mutación en exón 6 (c.1651A>G) del gen CaSR (en heterocigosis), confirmada en el padre y los hermanos.


The finding of persistent hypercalcemia suggests doing other medical tests to find the cause. Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia is usually benign and it requires no treatment. It is important to do CASR gene sequencing to avoid unnecessary treatments. We report a 12-year-old child, asymptomatic, with calcemia between 11.4 and 12.2 mg/dl. His father and two brothers presented asymptomatic hypercalcemia. The blood test with magnesium, phosphorus, 25(OH)Vit D was normal, remarkable normal parathyroid hormone for the level of hypercalcemia. Urinary calcium/creatinine ratio was 0,11 mg/dl and 24-hour urinary calcium was 1,8 mg/kg per day. Abdominal and parathyroid ecography, long bone radiographs and densitometry were normal. Genetic study showed a mutation, c.1651A>G, in exon 6 of the calciumsensing receptor gene, confirmed in father and brothers, too.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/genetics , Hypercalcemia/congenital , Hypercalcemia/etiology , Exons , Hypercalcemia/diagnosis , Hypercalcemia/genetics , Mutation
5.
Educ. med. super ; 32(2): 0-0, abr.-jun. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-989723

ABSTRACT

Introducción: en este curso inició el Plan D para la carrera Medicina, y estando inmersos en la preparación de las nuevas asignaturas rectoras que incluidas anteriormente en Morfofisiología, se propone una práctica de laboratorio con métodos de anatomía comparada. Objetivo: proponer la implementación de una práctica de laboratorio sobre la Anatomía del corazón para el segundo año de medicina, basada en métodos de anatomía comparada. Método: se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental en la Filial de Ciencias Médicas Manuel Piti Fajardo durante los cursos 2015-16 y 2016-17. Donde se impartió la actividad propuesta al total de estudiantes (104) realizándose la observación de un corazón real de cerdo en comparación con el humano, mostrando aspectos de la anatomía externa e interna, y usando la guía de estudio de la anatomía cardiaca mediante la disección de un corazón porcino. Se aplicaron métodos teóricos: histórico lógico, analítico-sintético, inductivo-deductivo; de los empíricos se aplicó la observación, el análisis de documentos y la técnica del PNI. Resultados: los resultados de la evaluación sistemática fueron comparados con los alcanzados por los 128 estudiantes del curso anterior, encontrándose diferencias significativas entre ellas, se amplió el porcentaje de calificaciones con calidad, se disminuyó ligeramente el porcentaje de calificados de regular y disminuyó el porcentaje de suspensos. Conclusiones: los resultados han sido superiores con la introducción de esta práctica por lo que se propone como parte del programa de la asignatura "Sistemas cardiovascular, respiratorio, digestivo y renal", Plan D, segundo año, Medicina


Introduction: A Lab Practice is proposed to give an answer to methodological problems dealing with a new Curriculum of the Medical Career called Plan D in Medicine Career. It took place in Manuel Piti Fajardo Medical School in San Cristóbal during 2015-2016 and 2016-2017academic courses, is related to a new subject called Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Digestive and Renal systems which were taught before with the name of Morph-physiology. Objective: to offer a suggestion for a lab practice where students have to get familiar to the cardiovascular system using a pig's heart to observe its internal and external characteristics comparing it with a human heart. Methods: it consists of a quasi-experimental study based on a Lab Practice where students have to use a pig's heart to observe its internal and external characteristics comparing it with a human heart. Theoretical methods such us Inductive-Deductive method, Analytic- Synthetic method, Historical - Logical method were used and some empirical methods like observation, documentary analysis and P.N.I. were applied too. The methodology used for carrying out the study is similar to the one used by Biology students in the University of Havana. Results: Systematic evaluation results are presented comparing them, with the ones done before. The initial and final diagnoses are shown. Conclusion: the suggestion is made to work with the plan D curriculum, improving medical students' knowledge, related to a new subjecting Medicine Career called Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Digestive and Renal systems which were taught before with the name of Morph-physiology(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Students, Medical , Heart/anatomy & histology , Anatomy, Comparative/methods , Laboratories , Swine
6.
Rev. colomb. anestesiol ; 46(1): 3-10, Jan.-Mar. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-959769

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Patient safety has become a core value in health organizations, requiring the use of significant resources in order to avoid accidents during hospital stay. Health care can create risks, and patient safety is the most important objective in care quality. Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a preventive tool that helps anticipate potential errors and adverse events, setting up barriers to prevent them from happening, or mitigating their effects or, in the event they do happen, mitigating their impact on the most vulnerable link in health care, namely, the patient. Objectives: To analyze, using the FMEA tool, mobilization of intubated critical ill patients in the Intensive Care Unit. Method: A brainstorming session was held within the service to identify the most frequent potential errors in the process. Subsequently, the FMEA method with its different phases was applied, prioritizing risk according to the RPN (Risk Priority Number) index and selecting improvement actions for those with an RPN greater than 300. Results: The result was the identification of 101 failure modes, of which 46 exceeded the RPN of 300. As a result of this work, 63 improvement actions have been proposed for those failure modes with NPR scores above 300. Conclusion: The conclusion of the study is that FMEA was a useful tool for anticipating potential failures in the process and proposing improvement actions for those that exceeded an RPN of 300.


Resumen Introducción: La seguridad del paciente ha adquirido un valor estratégico en las organizaciones sanitarias, empleando numerosos recursos para evitar accidentes durante la estancia hospitalaria. La asistencia sanitaria puede generar un riesgo y la seguridad del paciente es el objetivo más importante de la calidad asistencial. AMFE es una herramienta preventiva, lo que supone una anticipación a los posibles errores y eventos adversos, poniendo barreras para que no sucedan o si lo hacen mitigar sus efectos sobre la parte más vulnerable de la atención sanitaria, el paciente. Objetivos: Analizar, a través de la herramienta AMFE (Análisis Modal de Fallos y Efectos), la movilización del paciente crítico intubado en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Método: Para ello se realizó una tormenta de ideas dentro del servicio para decidir los posibles errores más frecuentes en el proceso. Posteriormente, se aplicó el método AMFE, con sus fases, priorizando el riesgo conforme al índice NPR (Numero de Priorización de Riesgo), seleccionando acciones de mejora en los que tienen un NPR mayor de 300. Resultados: Como resultado hemos obtenido 101 modos de fallo de los cuales 46 superaban el NPR de 300. Tras nuestro resultado, se han propuesto 63 acciones de mejora en aquellos modos de fallo con puntuaciones NPR superiores a 300. Conclusiones: La conclusión del estudio es que AMFE permite anticiparnos a los posibles fallos del proceso para proponer acciones de mejora en aquellos que superan un NPR de 300.


Subject(s)
Humans
7.
Int. j. odontostomatol. (Print) ; 11(2): 207-216, June 2017. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-893252

ABSTRACT

El Análisis de Causa-Raíz (ACR) es una forma de estudio retrospectivo de eventos adversos destinado a detectar las causas subyacentes de los mismos para proteger a los pacientes mediante la modificación de los factores dentro del sistema de salud que los provocaron y prevenir sus recurrencias. Si bien esta concepción centrada en la seguridad del paciente ha visto un importante auge en la atención médica, la odontología no ha sido llevada de igual manera probablemente por presentar daños más leves, procedimientos ambulatorios (con la consiguiente falta de seguimiento de muchos eventos adversos) y prácticas fundamentalmente privadas (cuyos conflictos afectarían potencialmente los resultados comerciales). Dado que no hay precedentes en Chile, se presenta un evento adverso producido en la Clínica Odontológica Docente Asistencial de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de La Frontera y su ACR, desarrollado como primera intervención del Centro Chileno para la Observación y Gestión del Riesgo Sanitario de esa institución. Se plantean las necesidades de implementar un sistema explícito de categorización de eventos adversos en esa disciplina y de apoyar políticas de cultura en seguridad para el paciente odontológico, y se discute el papel de las instituciones universitarias para reconocer las áreas de vulnerabilidad en sus clínicas y así reforzar y mejorar la calidad de sus prácticas sanitarias.


Root cause analysis (RCA) is a retrospective study of adverse events performed to detect the underlying causes of these events to protect patients by modifying the factors within the health system that caused them and preventing their recurrences. Although this paradigm focused on patient safety has seen a significant increase in medical care, dentistry has not been carried out in the same way, probably because of milder injuries, outpatient procedures (with the consequent lack of follow-up of many adverse events) and basically private practices (whose conflicts would potentially affect commercial outcomes). Since there is no precedent in Chile, we present an adverse event produced at the Dental Clinic of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of La Frontera and its RCA, performed as the first intervention of the Chilean Center for the Observation and Management of Health Risk of that institution. The needs to implement an explicit system of categorization of adverse events in this discipline and to provide support for cultural safety policies for the dental patient are discussed. The role of university institutions in recognizing areas of vulnerability in their clinics and to strengthen and improve the quality of their health practices is also discussed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Quality of Health Care , Medical Errors/prevention & control , Education, Dental/methods , Root Cause Analysis/methods , Patient Safety , Risk Management , Universities
8.
Saúde Soc ; 26(1): 75-87, jan.-mar. 2017.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-962520

ABSTRACT

Resumo Este artigo analisa a relação entre discursos médicos e noções cotidianas sobre raça, população e nação. Para isso, tomo como estudo de caso a comparação entre o uso dessas categorias na produção de artigos acadêmicos de dois renomados hematologistas brasileiros sobre a presença de hemoglobinas variantes patológicas no Brasil e a compreensão que famílias de pacientes diagnosticados com doença falciforme têm dessas mesmas questões. A comparação permite mostrar não só como os discursos da medicina influenciam o modo como questões relacionadas a raça e hereditariedade são compreendidas pelo público mais amplo, mas também a impossibilidade de separar em ambos casos, tanto na produção médica quanto nas falas dos pacientes, as noções sobre raça e hereditariedade de ideias mais amplas sobre o passado e o futuro da nação.


Abstract This article analyses the relationship between medical discourses and everyday notions of race, population and nation, using as case study the comparison between the use of these categories in medical articles of two renowned Brazilian haematologists on the presence of pathological variant haemoglobins in Brazil and the understanding of families of patients diagnosed with sickle-cell anaemia on the same questions. Through this comparison it is possible to see not only how medical discourses influence everyday notions of race and heredity, but also how in both cases these notions are inextricable from wider ideas about the past and future of the Brazilian nation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Racial Groups , Knowledge Bases , Genetics , Hemoglobinopathies
9.
Univ. psychol ; 15(1): 245-260, ene.-mar. 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-963127

ABSTRACT

La relación entre el cuidado materno (sensibilidad) y la seguridad del apego del niño (conducta de base segura) ha sido corroborada en diferentes contextos y edades. Sin embargo, existe ausencia de estudios que la hayan estudiado antes del primer año de vida. La presente investigación analizó esta relación en un grupo de 32 madres peruanas de 19 a 44 años de nivel socioeconómico bajo y sus hijos de 8 a 10 meses. La sensibilidad fue evaluada a través del Q-sort del Comportamiento Materno (MBQS) (Pederson & Moran, 1995) y la seguridad del apego mediante el Q-sort del Apego (Waters, 1995). Los resultados muestran que existe una relación directa y significativa entre ambas y que las separaciones físicas juegan un rol importante en esta relación.


Sensitivity hypothesis has been corroborated in different contexts and children ages; however, there is lack of studies that have analyzed it in the first year of life. The present study related maternal sensitivity and child secure base behavior in a group of 32 Peruvian mothers of low income families. Mothers were 19 to 44 years old and their children were between 8 and 10 months old. Mother's sensitivity was assessed using the Q-sort Maternal Behavior (Pederson & Moran, 1995) and child secure base behavior through the Attachment Q-sort (Waters, 1995). Results indicated a significant and direct relationship between two constructs and that early mother-infant physical separations play an important role in this relationship.

10.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 23(1): 79-94, enero-mar. 2016.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-777310

ABSTRACT

Resumo O artigo discute a relação entre a aplicação de tecnologias médicas de baixa complexidade e as diversas noções de “cuidado” envolvidas no processo de detecção neonatal da doença falciforme. São analisadas quatro histórias sobre pacientes e suas famílias da cidade de Salvador, Bahia, coletadas durante trabalho de campo etnográfico, escolhidas por condensar vários aspectos sobre a experiência daqueles que convivem com essa doença. Nessas histórias é desvendada a presença de diversos aspectos do que Mol chamou de “lógica do cuidado”, mostrando como a aplicação da tecnologia diagnóstica insere-se em fluxos de “vida” que invocam outros âmbitos da experiência com a biomedicina, relações de família e comunidade.


Abstract The article discusses the link between the use of low-complexity biotechnologies and the diverse notions of “care” involved in the process of diagnosing sickle cell disease. It analyses the stories of four different patients and their families, all collected during ethnographic fieldwork, that illustrate several aspects of the experience of living with the condition. These stories demonstrate the presence of what Mol called the “logic of care,” showing how the everyday use of diagnostic technology is set within life flows that relate to other realms of experience with biomedicine, kinship groups and community networks.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Adult , Middle Aged , Anemia, Sickle Cell/diagnosis , Neonatal Screening , Parents/psychology , Anemia, Sickle Cell/psychology , Brazil
11.
Rev. cuba. angiol. cir. vasc ; 16(2): 164-174, jul.-dic. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-756350

ABSTRACT

Introducción: los factores de crecimiento plaquetario son proteínas bioactivas que se sintetizan y almacenan en las plaquetas. Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad de los factores de crecimiento aportados por el lisado plaquetario alogénico en el tratamiento tópico de úlceras posflebíticas Métodos: se realizó un estudio cuasi-experimental con control simultáneo en la consulta de medicina regenerativa, Hospital General Docente "Comandante Pinares", entre enero de 2008 y diciembre de 2012. Se evaluaron 135 pacientes con el diagnóstico de úlceras posflebíticas con inadecuada respuesta al tratamiento convencional y ausencia de otras enfermedades de base que impidieran una respuesta a la terapia regenerativa. Los pacientes se dividieron en dos grupos: 90 recibieron tratamiento con la aplicación local del lisado plaquetario obtenido de las plaquetas alogénicas ABO compatibles y 45 mantuvieron el tratamiento convencional (grupo control). El tiempo de respuesta fue la característica distintiva para medir la eficacia entre ambos tratamientos. Resultados: predominó el sexo femenino y edad de más de 50 años. Los síntomas cardinales del síndrome posflebítico, estuvieron presentes en un mayor número de pacientes del grupo tratado con el lisado plaquetario, sin embargo, a los 30 días, se constató una mejoría de los mismos así como una disminución significativa del área promedio de las úlceras. En el grupo tratado con lisado, 86 pacientes remitieron sus síntomas en menos de seis semanas, frente a solo ocho en el mismo tiempo en el grupo convencional. Conclusiones: el uso de factores de crecimiento aportados por el lisado plaquetario alogénico fue efectivo en el tratamiento tópico de úlceras posflebíticas(AU)


Introduction: platelet-derived growth factors are bio-active proteins that are synthesized and stored in the platelets. Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of allogenic platelet lysate-derived growth factors in the topical treatment of postphlebitis ulcers. Methods: a quasi-experimental study with simultaneous control was conducted from January 2008 through December 2012 in the regenerative medicine service of "Comandante Pinares" general teaching hospital located in San Cristobal, Artemisa province, Cuba. One hundred and thirty five patients with diagnosis of postphlebitis ulcers, inadequate response to the conventional treatment and absence of other illnesses that could hinder such response to regenerative therapy were evaluated. The patients were divided into two groups: 90 treated with local use of compatible ABO allogenic platelet-derived platelet lysate and 45 kept under the conventional treatment (control group). The reaction time was the distinctive characteristic to measure the effectiveness of both treatments. Results: females and over 50 years-old age predominated. The main symptoms of the posphlebitic syndrome were present in a high number of patients in the group treated with the platelet lysate. Thirty days later, these symptoms significantly improved and the average ulcer area dramatically decreased. There was observed symptoms remission in eighty six patients in less than six weeks in contrast with only eight in the conventional group during this period. Conclusions: the use of allogenic platelet lysate-derived growth factors was effective in the topical treatment of postphlebitis ulcers(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Postphlebitic Syndrome/complications , Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
12.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 21(4): 1113-1129, Oct-Dec/2014.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-732519

ABSTRACT

Neste artigo examino como geneticistas contemporâneos que pesquisam a história e a configuração da população brasileira interagem com outras disciplinas. Para tanto, tomei como estudo de caso artigos publicados por geneticistas que investigam a presença de variantes da hemoglobina S no Brasil, os quais pretendem claramente contribuir para a análise de questões como escravidão ou identidade étnica no país. Contrastando esses estudos com trabalhos contemporâneos da história e das ciências sociais, problematizo a centralidade explanatória da “origem” nos estudos genéticos analisados, bem como a falta de interação com questões epistemológicas de outras áreas do saber.


In this article I examine how contemporary geneticists investigating the history and configuration of the Brazilian population engage with other academic disciplines. To do so I use as a case study some articles published by geneticists researching the presence of hemoglobin S variants in Brazil, in which there is a clear pretension to contribute to the analysis of issues such as slavery or Brazil’s ethnic identity. By contrasting these studies with contemporary works from history and the social science, the explanatory centrality of “origin” in the genetic studies analyzed is problematized, as is the lack of interaction with the epistemological characteristics of other areas of knowledge.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Hemoglobins/metabolism , Iron-Binding Proteins , Iron/metabolism , Reticulocytes/metabolism , Biological Transport , Carrier Proteins/metabolism , Ferric Compounds/metabolism , Integrins/metabolism , Rats, Wistar , Transferrin/metabolism
13.
Rev. cuba. hematol. inmunol. hemoter ; 30(3): 288-293, jul.-set. 2014.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-723767

ABSTRACT

La utilización de lisado plaquetario alogénico abre otra posibilidad terapéutica en ortopedia. Se presenta su uso en una paciente femenina de 40 años de edad, con antecedentes de asma bronquial y tratamiento con esteroides, que como consecuencia de una caída sufrió herida avulsiva extensa en el tercio inferior de la pierna derecha con desgarro de piel de aproximadamente 11 cm con vértice distal y base proximal estrecha, que solamente tomó piel; y otra herida similar, aledaña a esta lesión, de aproximadamente 6 cm de diámetro. Se le realizó toilette y necreptomía de los bordes que tenían signos de necrosis, fundamentalmente los vértices. Se le realizaron puntos de afrontamiento donde se observó extrema fragilidad de la piel, se inició tratamiento con antibióticoterapia. A las 48 horas se observó necrosis de dos tercios del colgajo de piel, el cual se decidió mantener hasta pasados 10 días. Cuando se le retiró se comenzó a usar lisado plaquetario local en curaciones en días alternos. Se observó mejoría de la granulación, no así de la piel aledaña a la lesión. Posteriormente se le realizó infiltración perilesional con lisado plaquetario alogénico, con cuyo proceder mejoró el aspecto de la lesión y la cicatrización en un período de solo 7 días...


The use of allogenic platelet lysate opens another therapeutic possibility in orthopedics. Its use is presented in a 40 year-old patient with previous history of bronchial asthma and treated with steroids who, as a result a fall, suffered an extensive avulsive wound in her right foot of approximately 11 cm with skin laceration and necrosis of the torn piece, with vertex distal and proximal base that only took skin, with another torn piece of similar bodering and a diameter of approximatety 6 cm. A toilette and necrectomy of the cyanotic edge was made, mainly in the vertexes. Confrontation stitches were taken and an extreme fragility of the skin was observed when carrying this procedure. Treatment with antibiotics was started and after 48 hours necrosis of two third of the skin of the torn piece was observed which was not removed for ten days. After removal local therapy with alogenic platelet lysate was applied on alternate days. Improving of granulation was observed, but not in the surrounding skin lesion. Then, a perilessional infiltration with allogenic platelet lysate was made which improved the lesion appearance and its healing in a period of only 7 days...


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Female , Free Tissue Flaps/pathology , Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/therapeutic use , Necrosis/therapy , Transplantation, Homologous
14.
Rev. cuba. hematol. inmunol. hemoter ; 29(3): 272-283, jul-sep. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-689638

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la osteoartrosis de la rodilla (OAR) es la causa más frecuente de artritis en la población por encima de los 55 años de edad. A menudo se asocia con discapacidad y deterioro variable de la calidad de vida. En la actualidad, el tratamiento con células madre ha abierto una alternativa más dentro del arsenal terapéutico con que se cuenta. Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia y seguridad del autotrasplante de células madre adultas en el tratamiento de la osteoartrosis de rodilla. Métodos: se realizó un estudio desde mayo 2009 hasta diciembre 2011, en el que se incluyeron 123 pacientes adultos con OAR atendidos en la consulta de medicina regenerativa, que no respondían a los tratamientos convencionales. Se les realizó el implante intrarticular de células mononucleares de sangre periférica (CMN-SP) autólogas, movilizadas mediante el factor estimulante de colonias granulocíticas. En todos los casos prevalecía el dolor y la dificultad a la marcha al inicio del tratamiento. Resultados: a los seis meses se observó mejoría clínica y radiológica en 117 pacientes (95,1 por ciento) y solo en seis enfermos (4,9 por ciento) no hubo la respuesta deseada, coincidiendo estos con los que presentaron trastornos de alineación marcados, en los cuales el dolor no desapareció, pero sí existió modificación de la intensidad. Conclusiones: el implante de CMN-SP es un método factible, simple, seguro y menos costoso para el tratamiento de OAR. Se recomienda que si existe deformidad angular acentuada marcada, esta debe corregirse antes del implante para que el proceder sea exitoso


Introduction: osteoarthrosis an every day more frequent degenerative disease affecting the quality of life of people over 55 years old and its treatment is a great challenge. The use of stem cells has open a new alternative in the available therapeutic arsenal. Objective: to assess the efficacy and safety of autologous adult stem cell transplantation in the treatment of knee osteoarthrosis. Methods: the study took place from May 2009 to December 2011 in 123 adult patients with OAR from the regenerative medicine outpatient service who had no response to conventional treatments. Intra-articular implantation of autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC-SP) mobilized by granulocyte colony stimulating factor was performed. In all cases pain and gait difficulty at baseline prevailed. Results: after six months, clinical and radiological improvement in 117 patients (95,1 percent) were observed and only in six patients (4,9 percent) the expected response was not obtained. These last patients presented marked alignment disorders and the pain did not disappear, but there was a positive change in its intensity. Conclusions: the CMN-SP implant is a feasible, simple, safe and less expensive method for the treatment of knee osteoarthrosis. It is recommended that in cases with marked angular deformity, this disorder should be corrected prior to MNC-SP implantation so the procedure be successful


Subject(s)
Humans , Leukocytes, Mononuclear/transplantation , Osteoarthritis, Knee/complications , Osteoarthritis, Knee/therapy , Health Impact Assessment/methods
16.
Acta biol. colomb ; 17(3): 445-462, sep.-dic. 2012. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-669042

ABSTRACT

Varias décadas de investigaciones neuropatológicas e imagenológicas han proporcionado suficientes evidencias acerca de las alteraciones en la neurotransmisión colinérgica que acompañan a la disfunción dopaminérgica en la enfermedad de Parkinson (EP). El núcleo pedunculopontino tegmental laterodorsal (NPP) representa una de las fuentes principales de proyecciones colinérgicas en el cerebro y a su vez es el origen de la única proyección colinérgica que recibe la substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Actualmente el estudio de la participación del NPP en la fisiopatología de la EP toma en cuenta dos vertientes: el impacto de la pérdida temprana de la influencia excitatoria pontina sobre la SNpc asociado a la degeneración temprana del NPP y la estimulación a baja frecuencia del NPP como tratamiento quirúrgico beneficioso para los signos axiales de la EP. El NPP ha emergido como una estructura esencial en la comprensión de la fisiopatología de la EP dado sus relaciones con los núcleos de los ganglios basales, el tálamo, la corteza motora y la médula espinal. La degeneración de algunas de sus poblaciones neuronales en etapas presintomáticas de la EP ha sugerido una relación causa-efecto entre este hallazgo y la muerte de las células dopaminérgicas nigrales. Por otra parte la estimulación del NPP tiene resultados favorables sobre los trastornos posturales y de la marcha, los cuales se presentan en etapas tardías de la EP y son refractarios a otros tratamientos farmacológicos y quirúrgicos.


Several decades of neuropathologic and imagenologic investigations have provided sufficient evidences about alterations in cholinergic neurotransmission that go together with the dopaminergic dysfunction in Parkinson s disease (PD). The laterodorsal tegmental pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) represents one of the main sources of cholinergic projections into the brain and at the same time the origin of the only cholinergic projection that substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) receives. At present, the study of the PPN participation as part of the physiopathology of PD has two notions: the impact of the lack of pontine excitatory influence on SNpc, associated to the early degeneration of PPN as well as the low frequency stimulation in the PPN as a beneficial surgical treatment for the axial symptoms of PD. PPN has emerged as an essential structure in the comprehension of PD physiopathology, given by its relation with the basal ganglia nuclei, thalamus, motor cortex and the spinal cord. The degeneration of some of its neuronal populations in PD pre symptomatic steps, has suggested a cause- and-effect relation on this finding and the death of nigral dopaminergic cells. On the other hand, PPN stimulation has favorable results on postural and gait disorders, which present themselves in late PD stages and are refractory to other pharmacological and surgical treatments.

17.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1035244

ABSTRACT

Resumen:


La utilización de indocianina verde y fluoresceína en pruebas diagnósticas en las consultas de oftalmología es muy frecuente y se está extendido a nivel mundial. Estos colorantes aunque son altamente inocuos, en algunas personas puede causar algún tipo de reacción alérgica desde leve hasta grave e, incluso, puede llevar al paciente a la muerte en cuestión de minutos. Por todo esto, los enfermeros/as deben estar preparados y actuar inmediatamente cuando la sospechen desde el primer momento en el que se manifieste.


Subject(s)
Humans , Fluorescein , Hypersensitivity , Indocyanine Green , Spain
18.
Rev. cuba. hematol. inmunol. hemoter ; 28(1): 84-90, ene.-mar. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-628582

ABSTRACT

La medicina regenerativa ha abierto una posibilidad más para la consolidación efectiva y la recuperación rápida de los pacientes con lesiones traumáticas. Se presenta un paciente masculino, blanco, de 46 años de edad con antecedentes de accidente de tránsito. Se diagnosticó fractura del tercio medio del fémur izquierdo y las radiografías simples evidenciaron conminución Grado IV. Egresó después de 20 días de internamiento con persistencia del dolor a pesar de habérsele administrado analgésicos cada 4-6 horas. Se indicó terapia celular que se realizó en régimen ambulatorio. A partir de las primeras 48 horas la mejoría se incrementó progresivamente, logró estabilidad y desapareció el dolor en el foco de fractura, síntoma que mantenía desde el accidente. A las 8 semanas después de la terapia celular se observó mejoría radiológica. En general, su evolución se consideró satisfactoria por la pronta mejoría y su incorporación a la vida social. Este es el primer paciente en la provincia de Artemisa en que se ha realizado este nuevo tipo de terapia y hasta donde conocemos en el momento de la redacción de este trabajo, también el primero informado en la literatura científica en Cuba


Regenerative medicine has opened another opportunity for effective consolidation and rapid recovery of patients with traumatic injuries. We present a 46 year- old white male patient with a history of traffic accident. A middle third left femur fracture was diagnosed and plain radiographs showed IV grade comminution. He was released after 20 days of hospitalization with persistent pain despite of pain medication every 4-6 hours. Cell therapy was prescribed and it was performed on outpatient basis. After 48 hours the improvement was increased progressively, stability was achieved and pain disappeared in the fracture site, this was a symptom present since the accident. 8 weeks after cell therapy, radiological improvement was observed. In general, his eveolution was considered satisfactory for the fast recovery and its incorporation into social life. This is the first patient in Artemisa province who underwent this new type of therapy and as far as we know at the time of this writing, it is also the first reported in the scientific literature in Cuba


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Femoral Fractures/therapy , Cell Transplantation/methods , Regenerative Medicine/methods
19.
Rev. cuba. med. trop ; 63(3): 275-277, sep.-dic. 2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-615560

ABSTRACT

Introducción: en Cuba se reportaron altas frecuencias de pediculosis capitis desde finales de los años noventa, particularmente en algunos grupos de escolares y sus convivientes. Estos últimos se involucran en la cadena de transmisión de esos insectos y pueden desempeñar, en la actualidad, una función importante como reservorios del parásito. Objetivo: reportar la eficacia del tratamiento con añil cimarrón en una paciente infestada de Pediculus capitis. Métodos: se describe un caso de infestación persistente con pediculosis capitis en una paciente de 55 años de edad, tratada con solución de permetrina 1 por ciento y posteriormente con tintura de añil cimarrón 5 por ciento. Resultados: la identificación microscópica de adultos y estadios pre-adultos del parásito confirmaron la presencia de Pediculus capitis. El tratamiento del cabello con permetrina 1 por ciento no fue eficaz en 2 aplicaciones realizadas. Como alternativa de tratamiento, se aplicó tintura de añil 5 por ciento, lo que permitió disminuir la población de ectoparásitos adultos y logró eliminar la infestación después de una segunda aplicación, con la constante extracción de las liendres realizada por el personal paramédico encargado del caso. Conclusión: la aplicación de este procedimiento inocuo podría servir como alternativa terapéutica para esta afección.


Introduction: pediculosis capitis was very frequently reported in Cuba since the end of the 90's, particularly in some groups of school children and their relatives. The latter are involved in a chain of transmission of these insects and may play an important role at present as parasite reservoirs. Objective: to report on the efficacy of the treatment of one female patient suffering from Pediculus capitis by using 5 percent Indigofera suffruticosa Mill (añil cimarrón) tincture. Methods: a case of persistent infestation with pediculosis capitis was described in which a 55 years-old patient was firstly treated with 1 percent permethrin solution and later with 5 percent Indigofera suffruticosa Mill tincture. Results: the microscopic identification of adult parasites and pre-adult stages of the parasite confirmed the presence of pediculus capitis. The hair treatment with 1 percent permethrin was not effective after two applications. As an alternative, 5 percent Indigofera suffruticosa Mill tincture was used and then the population of adult ectoparasites was reduced and the infestation was eliminated after the second application, with the paramedical staff continuously taking the nits out from the patient's hair. Conclusion: the use of this innocuous method may become a therapeutic alternative to treat this illness.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Indigofera , Lice Infestations/drug therapy , Pediculus , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , Scalp Dermatoses/drug therapy
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